
6. Optical Sizes
Optical sizes are designs for different sizes of text. How caption cuts and optical sizing can keep footnotes clear and the page balanced.

Optical sizes are designs for different sizes of text. How caption cuts and optical sizing can keep footnotes clear and the page balanced.

Purpose-drawn superiors, inferiors and fraction figures keep small numbers clear and give footnote references the right weight.

True small caps are drawn to work with the surrounding text. How to use them consistently for abbreviations without the thinness of reduced capitals.

Why carefully drawn ligatures help letters sit together naturally, and when standard or discretionary combinations suit a book.

Choosing old-style or lining figures, and proportional or tabular spacing, to suit running text, capitals and numerical tables.

Good kerning starts in the font and is checked on the page. How I combine font editing, scripts and individual adjustments for consistent book typography.